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The argument of the theory and establishment of “The Book of Ancient Literature” in the Qing Dynasty – “The Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” as the middle part
Author: Huang Zhan
Source: “The Book of Chinese Classics and Civilization” 25 (2022.4)
Introduction: The “The Book of Yu Ting” in the Qing Dynasty was considered to be prosperous, and the “The Book of Yu Ting” was expressed in the Taoist mind because it was classified as “The Book of Ancient Literature”. The value of the theory was questioned, and the agreement to dismiss the Book of Ancient Literature” was very chaotic. Many scholars rely on rational value to protect the “Ancient Literature”. In addition, there are also those who respect Han scholars who, while distinguishing, value Taoism and morality, plan the two standards of study and Taoism, so that the two are not in conflict with each other, so as to resolve the tension between examination and morality. Under the differences between Han and Song dynasties, although the “Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” are not removed from classics, they are still the focus of the Confucian thinking system.
Keywords: Yu “Shangshu of Ancient Literature”; Yu Ting’s Sixteen Characters; Han and Song Contest; Qing Dynasty Examination
Author: Huang Zhan (1989-), from Beijing, a doctor of philosophy in the Drumbi Hong Kong City, is now a postdoctoral fellow at the Qing Dynasty National Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the important research and discussion is the history of academic thinking and academic history in the Qing Dynasty. It has published articles in publications such as “Cultural”, “Chinese Studies”, and “Chinese Civilization Research Institute”.
In the group discrimination trend since the early Qing Dynasty, the “Ancient Literature Book” was examined by the examinations of Guan Ruoju (1636-1704), Huiqi (1697-1758) and others, and the character of the discrimination was received [1]. After acquiring the middle of the Qing Dynasty, “Auspicious Literature Book” created a more publicly recognized fact for later generations. Since “The Book of Ancient Literature” has been proven to be a creation in later generations, it seems to be a sacred remedy for recording saints and removing it from classical texts. But in fact, in addition to a few mathematicians who still hold that “Au Wen Shang Shu” is a real record passed down from ancient times, even among the many students who have admitted to the discerning, there are also many voices that oppose the removal of “Au Wen” from the ranks of classics.
It is suspected that “Ancient Literature Shangshu” did not start in the early Qing Dynasty. Learners such as Wu Jun (1100-1154), Zhu Xi (1130-1200), and plum blossom (1480-1553) in the Song Dynasty have long been distinguished. However, the scholars of the Song and Ming dynasties still lacked the serious examination and detailed evidence of the Qing Confucian scholars. The money said: “Since the Song Dynasty, many people have attacked him, but they have never been able to stop the mouths of those who believe in ancient Chinese literature.” [2] In the 16th year of Chongyu (1643), the assistant teacher of the country, Zheng Yang, submitted a memorial to divide the current and ancient Chinese literature “Shangshu”, and specifically wrote “Chen”Wen” selected scholars, and later punished them because of the strict precepts of the Beijing teachers [3]. From this matter, it can be explained that despite the fact that the mission of the Confucians of Song and Ming dynasties was not very thorough, the statement of “Ancient Literature” had a considerable influence before the trend of the Confucians of Qing dynasties. The discernment of the Qing Confucian scholars was to discuss the perceptual nature of the “Ancient Literature and Books” from the perspective of the academic level.
With “Artificial Book” as “common knowledge” that “Artificial Book” has become the “common knowledge” on the board, the guardians began to prove the existence value of “Artificial Book” from a rational perspective, and even believed that there was a need to make the “Artificial Book” mixed in the real “Artificial Book”. In this debate where the invisible state is the middle, the meaning of learning, the positioning of theory in the academic world, the relationship between consideration and theory have gradually become the topics discussed by students. The “Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” in “Ancient Literature” is the main circle of the Song Confucians’ construction of Taoism and science, and its true and unrestrained directly connects the understanding and choice of traditional rational thinking. Previous research on the identification of the Qing Dynasty’s “Ancient Literature Book” has focused on the identification school and literary examination issues. As for the arguments under the great scene of the conflict between Yehan and Song Dynasty in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, especially the situation of standing on the Song Dynasty as the “Ancient Literature Book”, it has received less attention from the academic community. Here, this article will use the “Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” as the middle part to evaluate the battle between the Qing Dynasty’s “Auspicious Literature” under the scene of the dispute between Ye Han and Song dynasties. Through the theoretical analysis of the protector and the attitude of “Sutra” to establish the “Sutra” to establish the teachings, we will explore the academic view behind it. As far as academic thinking history is concerned, the Ye guardians in the Qing Dynasty adopted a strategic strategy of differences with those of the early Qing Dynasty. By comparing the differences between them, we can see the trends of development and differentiation during the century of the Qing Dynasty.
The “Yu Ting Sixteen Characters” and the construction of theory
“Yu Ting Sixteen Characters” are the focus of the Taoist theory of science. After being proven from the examination, the real examination directly involves the judgment, choice, and even the emphasis of the thinking. Regarding this problem, we need to go back to Zhu Xi’s “Shangshu” discussion to explore how Zhu Xi applied the “Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” to construct Taoism and explain his mind.
In fact, Zhu Zi had doubts about the true feelings of “Au Wen Shang Shu”, but when constructing Taoism and science systems, he still used the text of the books. Especially in the “Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” in “Big Yu’s Song”, Shun said to Yu: “The human heart is dangerous, the Tao heart is subtle, and the essence is unique, and the will be in the middle.” Zhu Zi contacted Shun’s words “Yun Yu” to “Yun Yu’s Song” and pointed out that “Yun Yu’s Song” was based on “Yun Yu’s Song” and added Shun’s rebellion to Yu to sixteen characters. From Shun to Yu to Yu, the heart movement is not only a way of preaching the Tao, but also a great method for ancient sages to govern the world. The principle is “supering the Zhong” [4]. Zhu Zi inherited Cheng Li (1033-1107) “Human hearts and selfish desires, so they are in danger; Taoist hearts and laws of nature, so they are subtle” [5] linked the “Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” with the “Kongmen Teaching the Mind Method” in “Doing the Mean”, perfecting the Taoist system inherited from the imperial rule to the Confucius Confucianism. Concern is the focus of the Tao, Zhu Zi follows “Yu Tingshi”The six characters are used to explain the truth of the sage’s “superbing the truth”, and to take the Taoist heart as the law of nature and good, and ask the learners to practice the heart of others and uphold the Taoist heart[6].
The meaning of the “Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” is revealed with Zhu Zi’s interpretation of the whole “Shang Shu”. Zhu Zi once said: “The metaphor for the sun and the text of “Shang Shu” is the second meaning. It is directly to see the hearts of the two emperors and three kings, and to understand what they can, and not to understand what they can do. That is, this number has already reached seven or eight points. ”[7] Zhu Zi dispelled the traditional interpretation form that focused on practice since the Han Tang Dynasty, changed the theory as the focus of interpretation, and took the study of the minds of the two emperors and three kings as the goal of solving the Tao and the first of the “Shangshu”. He passed on this academic thinking to the student Cai Shen, and asked him to write the “Collection of Books”. Cai Shen spent ten years to complete this book and will be old The main theme of the teacher’s theory goes to the interpretation. “The Sixteen Characters of Yu Ting” occupies a major position in Zhu Zi’s theory and “Shang Shu” thinking [8]. With the “Collection of Books”, he was established as an official, and the theory of “The Sixteen Characters
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